Sunday Opinion: Learning The Language

Margaret Dickson may have been the most gifted gardener I have ever had the privilege to know.  Of Scandinavian descent, she was a woman of few words and much energy.  As far as I could see, no plant was unwilling to grow and prosper for her. Not a square foot of bare soil existed in her vast wildflower garden. She had no specimens of Arisaema Sikokianum, Trillium Cernuum, hepatica triloba or sanguinaria canadensis f. multiplex.    She grew sprawling colonies of Stinking Benjamin,, stands of rare Jack-In-The-Pulpits, lush carpets of liverwort and  densely populated communities of double bloodroot. There were more than a few groups that I did not recognize, had never seen, and have never seen since.  She had no interest in names and nomenclature. Gardening with her much much akin to watching my Aunt cook-no recipe, no weighing, no measuring, no checking the clock.  Margaret had some innate and instinctive ability to look at a plant, know what it needed, and plant it correctly.  She knew when to stand back, and let nature take its course.Her garden told the tale; she grew lush hedges of Japanese painted ferns every inch of 24 inches tall.  Her pipsqueak starts of Varder Valley boxwood matured with lightening speed. Plants I was certain were not hardy, grew in her garden like it was a planet unto itself.  No doubt many years of gardening and more gardening had funded her with a knowledge that transcended language.

Though my Mom saw to providing me with my own wholly owned ground, some rudimentary tools and lots of encouragement at a very early age, my gardening future took a turn when I was 14.  The Daniel H. Fletcher Memorial Scholarship to the Grosse Pointe University School landed me in a ninth grade latin class.  I had no concept of the benefits of a classical education, and even less interest. That first day, I remember being told a string of words I could not pronounce nor comprehend translated as “All of Gaul is divided into two parts”.  There could not have been more than 15 kids in this class-there would be no refuge from what promised to be the most useless, dry and unsatisfying way to spend time ever devised by an adult. And anyway,where was Gaul? I was astonished at how unsympathetic my parents proved to be; children have a properly dubious view of adults.  I was sure they were all nuts about insisting that I have a command of another language.

I was never good at translating Latin, so I hated it.  My translations were always rife with errors, as my teacher was happy to note, every day, if necessary.  After no small amount of pleading, I was allowed to transfer into Mrs. Renaud’s first year French class.  Any student of whom she asked a question, in French of course, was required to stand to answer.  If you did not answer correctly, you had to remain standing until you answered successfully.  After spending the better part of that hour on my feet for what seemed like a month, I finally decided maybe the Latin wasn’t so bad after all.  At least if I were to suffer the indignity of poor public performance, why not do it in the comfort of my own seat?  I stayed with that teacher, and that language throughout high school; we both stoically endured my mediocrity.  I went on to study classical languages further in college; I fulfilled my language study requirement studying Greek one on one with Dr. Poggi.  He proved to be very good natured about my lack of insight or gift; he pushed me, and I slogged through it.

In my late twenties, an inexplicable interest in growing orchids surfaced.  I liked the idea that I could hang them in my trees in my North Carolina front yard; their shapes and colors were strange and mesmerizing.  I began to read, and much to my amazement, I had no trouble with the reading, no matter how technical. Horticultural nomenclature, or a system for the naming of plants, devised by Carl Linneaus in the 18th century, was a breeze for me.  Though no one speaks Latin, the derivation of words in many modern languages comes from that Latin, or the Greek.  The Latin all made sense to me, for the first time.  The name of a plant can tell you plenty about its habit, its shape, its origin, or possibly its color or texture.  The formal language of horticulture does help me to grow things, as I do not have the gift that Margaret had.  Most certainly it enables me to communicate precisely and specifically with growers and nursery people, not to mention other gardeners.

Once my infatuation with orchids waned, my interest in garden plants came to the fore.  I would say my entire early plant education came from reading the White Flower Farms catalogues over and over again. The nursery was founded in the 1940′s by Jane Grant and William Harris, writers turned nurserymen; the business was sold to Eliot Wadsworth in 1976.  So charmingly and enthusiastically written under the pen name of Amos Pettingill, those catalogues made me want to grow plants. Better yet, he made learning the latin names easy.  Even today I am amazed at the wealth of information, coaching and inspiration those catalogues provided me at a time when I had little money to allocate to buying plants. My first Rosa Rubrifolia and Paeonia Tenuifolia  came from them.  I would not be one bit surprised to learn they are still thriving.

Among other things, Margaret taught me to fear no plant, and plant freely. Her life was cut way too short by an illness she could not stop from growing. I took care of her gardens now and then when she was too ill to leave her upstairs bedroom.  I would go and see her afterwards; she would invariably fuss that she had seen from her window a  goose in her garden.  I always promised I would be sure to chase it way, and repair any damage.  It was after all, her garden. I did what I could, but I could not do how she did. Margaret’s gift to me was no different than the gift she gave to her garden. She taught me that more important than my knowledge of the language of horticulture is my understanding that each gardener has a way of making things work that is all their own. She taught me to be confident to go my own way.  Nurseries always provide plant care tags that will tell you the name of the plant you are buying.  Lacking that, the vast and comprehensive resource that is the internet can give you just about any information you think you need.  But the physical process and experience of gardening is so interesting and such fun I hope to never get over it.  How could I communicate that I am compelled to grow?  I would show you my garden.

Sunday Opinion: A Sense Of Balance

The idea of balance in design is intimately related to our physical understanding of balance.  At the conclusion of an event some years ago, I stupidly decided to avoid the long route to my car via the lighted sidewalk, and cut through an intervening landscape bed.  In the dark,  I stepped directly into an unexpected drainage ditch set 18 inches below grade.  Loosing my balance, I went down hard and sideways-my unfortunately high heeled  foot hit the steel drainhole cover at an impossible angle, and I crashed to the ground.  The stress of the bad landing left me with a broken leg.  Every day for the ensuing ten weeks I had every reason to think about the importance of balance.  I never did master the art of dragging the hose weighty with water up the two steps to my upper deck-while on crutches.  I could not balance my cup full of coffee in my hand, and still hold the crutch-I did not have enough fingers.  I had to move my coffee pot from the kitchen to my desk.  As my house sits up high, negotiating the stairs while on crutches proved particularly nerve wracking; no doubt I was unstable on my feet, and fearful of falling.  It was not until I was able to ditch the crutches that I regained my sense of equilibrium; my bilateral symmetry was restored.  This is a fancy way of saying I had back a functional leg on each side of me, and my center of gravity.   The day that I was again securely balanced was a very good day.  I still loose my balance on occasion; I cannot focus on anything up close without my reading glasses.  When I forget I am wearing them, and start to walk somewhere, my inner sense of balance vanishes; this is not a pleasant sensation. 

The idea of balance in design falls into two broad categories.  Symmetrical design, in which every element left of center is matched equally with identical and  corresponding elements right of center, is visually very stable.  Of course landscape is a sculpture one views in the round, so the symmetry always applies to a particular view.  Choosing which view will be the dominant view should come early in the design process.  It is just as important to identify the center of any given view.  The degree to which a design is symmetrical, and therefore completely stable, determines its formality.  A composition symmetrical from every view is very formal. Very formal landscapes laid out on visual axis have an equilibrium such that your eye moves around the composition, and eventually comes to rest. Those clients for whom an atmosphere that is serene is important usually gravitate towards formally balanced landscapes.  

As people are visually completely familiar with the appearances of the human figure and face, a symmetrical arrangement that is out of square, or balance, can be spotted instantly.  I have installed formal landscapes where I have had a surveyor lay out a swimming pool, or landscape beds in an effort to be sure every line perpendicular to a residence is as perfectly perpendicular as possible, and likewise every horizontal line is as closely horizontal as one could manage.  The science of generating these lines involves checking and rechecking one’s measurements.  A tree planted out of vertical is instantly apparent as such.  If it is not the deliberate intent of the design to introduce a skewed line, then the appearance of that tree will always be irritating.  A swimming pool installed out of square is a problem not easy to solve.

Landscapes can just as easily be asymetrically balanced, but this is more complicated, and requires more skill.  Asymmetrical compositions are not at rest; angled lines are very active visually.  The excitement of it all asks for a keen sense of balance.  As Vita de Sackville West is reputed to have said, “It isn’t that I don’t like sweet disorder,. but it has to be judiciously arranged.”  The relationship of a massive evergreen to the shape and size of the groundcover bed underneath it speaks to establishing a sense of visual balance.  The placement of one large element can be balanced by a number of smaller elements placed elsewhere in such a way that a pleasing relationship is made. A diagonally planted mass of light colored foliage plants in the horizontal plane can be balanced by a single tall dark vertical plant. Asymmetrically curving beds relate to each other via the shape of the lawn, walk, or path between them. A driveway approaching a house on an angle needs a balancing counterpart to provide the eye with the directions about where to go next, or that eye will fall off the edge of the composition.  Some visually compelling element placed to direct the eye from one place to the next provides an active view with a stable rhythm. I like a good beat.  A driveway with a giant landscape bed on one side, and lawn on the other appears lopsided. A house placed asymetrically on a piece of land asks for a landscape to balance all that visual weight concentrated off kilter; properly done, the relationship of house to landscape can be as pleasing as it is exciting. 

An informal landscape is not a justification for a landscape lacking design. Once while installing a landscape, I had a chance to observe an identical activity taking place across the street.  Trucks arrived with plants, the plants were placed in order as they came off the truck, and planted.  At the last, beds were cut around the plants.  Some curving lines had glaringly flat spots.  Some beds curved inward too close to the trunk of a tree, and then curved outward where no plants were planted-resulting in big barked areas. I saw no one checking any views; I did see trees placed dead center on windows. I have seen other very informal landscapes perfectly balanced in its color, texture, proportion and mass; it was clear a very skilled person was driving the design process.

The choice one makes as to the formality and symmetry of a landscape design is just that-a choice.  I like them both, equally.  My landscape at home is very formal and bilaterally symmetrical, as that is what gives me what I need, and what pleases me.  This does not prevent me from admiring other differently designed spaces, or designing informally for a client whose love of line is anything but horizontal and vertical.  I just like to see that moves in a landscape get made deliberately and thoughtfully.  By design. 

However,  I am also exposed to plenty of landscapes where I cannot sense the design idea behind it, but the plants are lovingly cared for.  Some might lack for plants, but the lawn is mowed and the yard neat.  There are others in which the gardens are weeded, the trash is picked up, the garbage cans, lawnmowers, rowboats, children’s toys and bikes are not part of the public view. There are flowers at the door-though that door might be painted lavender to match a set of lavender shutters. Neat, clean, and well-tended,  on purpose.  These landscapes balance me; they help keep me from tripping, and falling over from my own design obsessed foolishness.

Sunday Opinion: Plenty Going On

No doubt I spend much too much time mourning the passing of the summer season. I am too slow to fish out my boots and jacket; I obssess about the last rose of summer to Buck ad nauseum. The cold irritates me to no end.  In much the same vein, a client remarked the other day that nothing was going on in her garden anymore-it was over.  We spent some time commiserating about all the things that were wrong with the weather. Too cold, too rainy, too windy, too dark-neither of us were liking one thing about it.  Towards the end of this exchange, the humor of it finally came to our rescue-we got to laughing. In spite of our whining and sulking, nothing has come to an end-it is changing.

 Though  the last time I had a big zest for change was probably 45 years ago, I thrive on big fluid situations. The most succinct definition of the state of being in business I have ever read came from Vera Wang;  “being in business is like keeping 300 marbles on a table all at once”.  I might add that while in the process of keeping all those marbles from dropping off, one needs to regularly add new marbles to the existing mix. Getting over one’s grief about the marble that has in fact dropped off is equally as important; taking your eye off the rest of the balls for too long comes to no good end.  I don’t see that the process of living a life, working a job, or growing a garden asks for any different. I have been watching the starch go out of the massive leaves of my Sum and Substance hostas for 10 days now.  The chartreuse leaves loose chlorophyll and turn yellow; the softened stems finally give in to gravity, and bend.  Those stiff puckered leaves droop to the ground as if they were melting. They are melting. In short order, should I not remove them, they will completely collapse in a gooey heap and decompose.   I must be moving on into the new season; this morning the drama of all that drooping made me laugh.

The prime mover in all of these changes is of course the weather.  The day length is shortening. The day and night temperatures drop. Wind, rain and fog deliver the message that the season is in transition.  There comes a day in every gardener’s life when the the light finally comes on-that day when you understand to the bone that the garden is outside. As in, outside of your control. It may take a powerful storm, or a sudden frost, or a thaw in January that forces water back up under your shingles and into the kitchen for that thought to take hold.  In my case, a visit to the vast conservatory at Longwood Gardens marked the day when I really understood that most of what goes on in the landscape is not at my direction. The giant vaulted glass roof of the vast exhibition hall excludes all the weather except for the light or lack thereof of the sun.  In the working sections of the conservatory, plants being grown for seasonal display are grown under lights; natural light would interfere too much with the production schedule.  The fall chrysanthemums and holiday pointsettias have a staging date already set. There is an enormous amount of time and effort expended to control every aspect of plant culture; in return, this space is as close to perfectly green as can be, all year round.  I was struck as if by lightening; this is not a garden.  It is a grand effort which has produced a reasonable facsimile of a garden.

This is exactly why I feel that good landscape design deliberately celebrates the daily action that we call weather. There is no such thing as a day off from weather; by my calculation, I have lived with daily weather some 21,535 days.  This in and of itself is not so remarkable. That every day the weather is in some way changing, and certainly different than the day before – extraordinary. As a result, every place in my garden there is something new to look at. At this moment, the asparagus going gold yellow, the fallen leaves randomly dotting my lawn, the alyssum volunteers blooming in the gravel walk, the fresh foliage thrown by the grape hyacinths, the hellebores setting buds and the dogwoods fruiting-there is plenty going on. I have my branches back; the structure of which is different from tree to tree, and shrub to shrub.  The bare branches are every bit as interesting and beautiful as branches in leaf. The slanting October light on the branches-gorgeous. A days rain waters my freshly planted tulip bulbs in; I so look forward to the ritual of the putting away of the hoses. A storm coat, a pair of muck boots, and my mud gloves are all that it takes to get me out there. I am able to put away the spade and the trowel in favor of the experiential tools I have on me all the time. I can smell the coming of the cold.  I can see the geese migrating. I can hear the rain on the roof and the wind blowing just fine from inside; I can walk outside should I wish to turn up the volume. I can keep my hands in my pockets.  But no matter what I should decide to do or not do in my garden, there is always plenty going on.

Sunday Opinion: Free And Clear

I was born and raised on the east side of Detroit-within shouting distance of the Chrysler assembly plant; this would be in the mid-fifties.  I will state up front I am a product of a local culture that designed, manufactured, and revolved and prospered some 90 years since Henry Ford rolled out his Model A.  The Woodward Dream Cruise which attracts car afficianados from all over the country is a festival, a celebration, and a homecoming all rolled into one.  I have friends and family focused on horsepower; my love of cars is rooted in the evolution of their sculpture.  I love the shapes of the old Porches, and their leather trunk details.  I love the new Porsche Boxter whose roof folds neatly into the trunk at the push of a button. The seat of my Suburban is adjustable in every dimension, making a long drive comfortable-and of course I haul the Corgis in it every day. The glass is incredibly clear; the paint is tough. It looks like a work truck-inside and out. The big muscle cars-the Chevrolet Camaro, the Pontiac GTO, the Dodge Charger and the Oldsmobile 442 rocketed plenty of Americans around the block and then some. The new Zr-1 Corvette, on a par with the best that Farrari or Lamborghini has to offer, delivers 650 horsepower at the rear wheels-and rolls that power out with the dignity of a Rolls Royce. So ok, I keep up a little about cars; I am a Detroiter.

When I was 17, my Father begrudingly gave me a car-a red 1966 Dodge Dart with a push button transmission. How I loved that car!  That car survived my teenhood, and went on to serve my Uncle Don until it stopped dead in its tracks after running amiably for 350,000 miles. Eventually my idea of a car came to be that reliable means by which I get from one place to another, over a long period of time. 

I do not own a car now; I own a fleet of trucks that enables me to do the work that needs getting done. They haul materials.  They transport crews. My Ford 450 dump truck has transported tons of brick, decomposed granite, and bark. We fill it with the remains of the year’s container plantings, and drive that debris to the compost pile, and dump.  Loaded to the top with mulch and tools, it has enough power left over to pull my trailer, loaded with my 2000 Bobcat skid steer. That rig weighs in at just under 22,000 pounds. Another day it may be transporting trees or evergreens. The pickup trucks haul shrubs, perennials, and more tools-maybe my 15 year old Honda rototiller, or a compactor for compressing granite.  The Chevy Suburban may drop off the two hydrangeas or the 10 bags of soil we are short on a job.  It has room for pots too fragile to transport in a truck; my two Corgis go to work every day and come home every night in what I affectionately call “the bus”. Marv Wiegand has one at his growing farm in Richmond with 350,000 miles on it; I have the same plan for mine. When it won’t run any more, I might just find a good spot for it, roll the windows down, torch off the roof, and plant it.  

I own two box trucks compete with hydraulic lift gates.  Those lift gates make it possible to get garden ornaments much too heavy for a man to handle onto a truck for delivery.  I sometimes load one with racks that hold flats and four inch annuals.  Some rocking GMC designer put a translucent plastic roof in it; you can see everything you have aboard.  I bought the first one in 2002, the second in 2005.  The engine is made by Isuzu; I have made two minor repairs to them in the eleven years between them. My newest truck-a Dodge Sprinter.  This extra long van is tall enough to accomodate someone over six feet tall-standing up.  If you have ever owned a van in which you have to bend over to get from one end to the other, you understand what a blessing this is.  The diesel engine is the only Mercedes Benz I am ever likely to own; I drove to Texas once on 2.5 tanks of gas. It efficiently hauls big and tall things; I can fold the shelves up parallel to the walls and deliver all the flower arrangements for all but the largest events.  As it turns out, I have a Sprinter load of flowers going to the Detroit Opera Theatre for an event today. Neither my crew nor my Sprinter minds an occasional Sunday gig.

These vehicles deliver what I need day after day-no complaints. Once in a blue moon a vehicle will have a problem.  The people who service trucks understand that you cannot operate without them; their service is excellent.  Though the Sprinter will lock up if you let the fuel get too low, they are not as a group, temperamental.  The three trucks I have replaced since 1990 I gave away; they still ran.  My trucks work how I work-every day, day after day.  Over the winter, we service them so they are ready to go in the spring.  Sure they need oil changes and new tires, but by and large they work, and go on working.  My biggest expense-the commercial licenses.  The plates for the box trucks alone are 1000.00 a year. I like knowing these trucks provide revenue to the State that enables them to maintain the roads.  How they deliver is not a hit or miss; my trucks I can rely on.  What I can rely on is an important topic when you are running a business. 

There has been plenty of hoopla and a lot of talk about the automobile companies since last September.  My two cents on the topic is that these companies produce very fine vehicles that have make it possible for me to earn a living. I think people who dismiss GM or Ford or Chrysler with the wave of a hand have never needed a truck to make a living. I also doubt they would be interested in doing without those things that trucks make possible-like the vegetables that get to the farmer’s market.  The truck owned by the refrigerator repair man means you don’t have to take your refrigerator in for service.  There are a lot of American trucks out there reliably performing all kinds of work-for farmers, gardeners, contractors, firemen-the list of people who need good trucks is long.  The American auto companies have delivered plenty; they understand what American working people need in a truck. My Ford 450 is nine years old now; every year my salesperson calls to ask if I am ready to replace it. I tell him thank you, but I have no need for a new one. 

I am writing about this today, as yesterday I paid off my last vehicle.  I own all my vehicles now, free and clear.  Best of all, I know they have a long life ahead of them. I call that efficient-when what you get keeps on going long after you’ve finished paying for it.